Partial reinforcement effects on discrimination learning     

Ben A. Williams 《Learning & behavior》1989,17(4):418-432

Rats were trained on a series of reversals of a successive discrimination in which the percentage of S+ trials ending in food was varied. Changes in the discrimination index occurred more slowly with 50% reinforcement than with 100% reinforcement when the number of training trials was equated across conditions, but were approximately invariant when the conditions were equated with respect to the number of obtained reinforcements. Presentation of free reinforcement during the intertrial intervals reduced the overall rate of discrimination acquisition, but left this invariance unaffected. Invariance in reinforcements necessary to attain acquisition also occurred when different discriminations correlated with different percentages of reinforcement were intermixed within experimental sessions. The failure of the invariance effect to be disrupted by either manipulation suggests that previous accounts of the invariance effect in terms of “comparator” models of conditioning (e.g., Gibbon & Balsam, 1981) are inadequate.  相似文献   

Why lecturers still matter: the impact of lecturer-student exchange on student engagement and intention to leave university prematurely     

Ben Farr-Wharton  Michael B. Charles  Robyn Keast  Geoff Woolcott  Daniel Chamberlain 《Higher Education》2018,75(1):167-185

This research examines the impact of lecturer-student exchange (student-LMX) on engagement, course satisfaction, achievement, and intention to leave university prematurely for 363 students in one Australian university. Survey and grade point average (GPA) data were collected from domestic undergraduate first- and second-year students and analysed using structural equation modelling. The results indicated that student’s levels of engagement and course satisfaction fully mediated the relationship between student-LMX and intention to leave university, when demographic and socio-economic factors were controlled for. In an era when low student engagement and attrition is often attributed to individual demographic factors, and lecturers are under increasing threat of being replaced by technology, this research offers compelling evidence regarding the role of lecturer-student relationships in enhancing tertiary student outcomes.  相似文献   

有关核能计算的几种方法     

贲春红 《物理教学探讨》2007,25(20)

核能的计算是原子物理的重要内容和高考的热点问题,有关其计算的几种方法,现归纳如下:(1)根据质量亏损计算,步骤如下:  相似文献   

Studying on the increasing temperature in IT-SOFC： Effect of heat sources   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

ZITOUNI Bariza BEN MOUSSA Hocine OULMI Kafia 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2007,8(9):1500-1504

The dimensions and the materials type limit the performance of fuel cell. The increase of the temperature in electrodes and electrolyte of the cell,is due to the over potential of activation (transfer of load),the over potential Ohmic (resistance of polarization),the over potential of reaction (heat released by the chemical reaction) and the over potential of diffusion. In this paper,we studied the thermo-electrical performance of an intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) with electrode supported. The aim of this work is to study this increasing temperature of a single cell of an IT-SOFC under the influence of the following parameters: heat sources,functioning temperature and voltages of the cell,geometric configuration and materials type. The equation of energy in one dimension is numerically resolved by using the method of finite volumes. A computing program (FORTRAN) is developed locally for this purpose in order to obtain fields of temperature in every element of the cell.  相似文献   

Low frequency oscillatory flow in a rotating curved pipe     

陈华军  章本照  苏霄燕 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2003,(4)

INTRODUCTIONThemotionoftheflowinarotatingcurvedpipeisafundamentalproblem ,whosesolutionhaspotentialapplicationsingasturbines ,elec tricgenerators ,electricmotorsandsomeequip mentsusedinseparationprocesses.Itisimpor tanttoknowtheflowstructurecharacteristic…  相似文献   

语文教学与儿童发展     

田本娜 《湖南第一师范学报》2002,2(2):64-69

“发展”是目前语文教学中普遍使用的术语，要正确理解它，既要学习传统教学发展理论，又要学习现代教学发展理论。小学语文教学的发展目标就是发展学生的语言能力、思想、情感及审美能力、思维能力，使他们掌握学习方法，养成良好的学习习惯。  相似文献   

Information effects on the response-reinforcer association     

Ben A. Williams 《Learning & behavior》1978,6(4):371-379

Pigeons were trained on a discrete-trial delayed reinforcement procedure with respect to one response key that was periodically illuminated. In some conditions, a second response key, or a tone, both previously paired with reinforcement, was interpolated in the delay-of-reinforcement interval. In comparison to a control condition with neither stimulus in the delay interval, the interpolated stimulus attenuated (blocked) the amount of responding that was maintained by the delayed reinforcement contingency. The degree of blocking was unaffected by whether the interpolated stimulus was the tone or keylight, in spite of the fact that the keylight evoked responding and the tone did not. A second study showed that the blocking effects involved the response-reinforcer association in that blocking occurred when the delayed reinforcement was response-dependent but did not occur when reinforcement was response-independent. The results thus show that response-reinforcer associations are affected by informational variables in the same manner as has been shown for stimulus-reinforcer associations. They also demonstrate that preexisting stimulus-reinforcer associations can block response-reinforcer associations, thus suggesting that both types of association depend upon the same associative process.  相似文献   

Understanding Students’ Perceptions of the Nature of Science in the Context of Their Gender and Their Parents’ Occupation     

Emran  Ameer  Spektor-levy  Ornit  Paz Tal  Ofra  Ben Zvi Assaraf  Orit 《Science & Education》2020,29(2):237-261

Science & Education - A thorough understanding of the concept of the nature of science (NOS) is essential to the development of scientific literacy among students, as it provides the students...  相似文献   

氯化亚汞声光器件换能器五层结构设计   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

谢本亮 《赣南师范学院学报》2001,(3):21-24

提出用环氧树脂聚合物作为缓冲层 ,设计氯化亚汞声光器件的换能器。从器件的布喇格带宽出发 ,设计了五层结构的换能器 ,计算了以Ag为电极 ,ln或pb粘接层时 ,其五层的各自厚度 ,并确保了换能器倍频程带宽  相似文献   

An Analysis of Activities in Saudi Arabian Middle School Science Textbooks and Workbooks for the Inclusion of Essential Features of Inquiry     

Abdulwali H. Aldahmash  Nasser S. Mansour  Saeed M. Alshamrani  Saeed Almohi 《Research in Science Education》2016,46(6):879-900

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